Many non-musicians, and even some music students, have the idea that the learning of a musical piece happens something like this: First, we decode the notes in an exact way (there is only one option) Then we encode this in our motor skills. Our body is considered an empty shell which we fill up with the exact understanding of the notation of the musical piece. Finally, we can choose an interpretation freely and without constraints, which will be...
Because of my good ability to sight-read music, I have often begun too late to memorize the music in a deliberate way. Instead, I have continuously automated it, so that after a while I will start playing from memory, but without being aware of it. I have then actually already come far in a wholeness-understanding of the piece. But the moment when I then become consciously aware of my automated movements, I suddenly can’t remember the music....
It's impossible to tickle yourself - try! This is probably due to a cognitive phenomenon, called "efference copy" or "corollary discharge". Initially, it covers the fact that, when performing an action, our nervous system sends messages to the senses influenced by it and makes them respond in a different way than usual. For example, this is one of the reasons why we do not experience the world turning when we turn our heads. The phenomenon also...
A central aspect of learning a musical instrument is imitation. Traditionally, it has taken place as the mirroring of the teacher in the student: By his mere example, the teacher shows the student the way into his own developmental process. Today, there is a more nuanced picture of the teacher's role: The good teacher must also be able to develop students with other types of prerequisites than their own, so a deep understanding of the student's...
One of the reasons for starting a project like this, with its focus on understanding and optimizing our practice processes, was the idea that potentially we can develop much faster than we normally do. As an example, I often feel that I play far better when I, unprepared, demonstrate a segment to my students than if I had begun to "normally" practise the same music. So once in a while, we are able to skip stages in the process. Likewise, there...
When my strategy changes often happen faster than I'm aware of, it's actually a very basic feature of our motor skills. We know that, if we drive a car and have to avoid something at high speed. We react first and only afterwards "discover" what happened. This means that automated movements are far more effective than conscious movements. Yes, in fact, most of the time consciousness ought not to play a decisive role in performing an act simply...
In Marc Jeannerod's book “Motor Cognition” from 2006, “action representation” is a very central concept, which I find it very interesting to connect with my reflections on practising. The term covers a hypothesis about motor actions that say, that the same neural mechanism is active whether we imagine an act, perform an act or observe an action. The term is related to the idea of mirror systems, since imitation is a basic element. Action...
Who knows what? There are obviously relevant research findings and theories in the fields of neuroscience and psychology which may help us describe the phenomena that emerge when we investigate our practice processes. Our practice is an extremely complex and refined interaction between conscious and automated actions, where the goal is strong communication between people. At the same time, we have probably the most abstract system of mediation...
The Danish composer Paul von Klenau (1883-1946) was born in Copenhagen, as a child of a very wealthy family. His mother was born Berggreen and was the descendant of the composer A.P. Berggreen. Klenau began his education at the Conservatory of Copenhagen, with Otto Malling as his teacher in music theory among others, but travelled in 1902 to Berlin. His plan was to study violin with Joseph Joachim, but Klenau did not pass the entrance...
Marc Jeannerod (1935-2011) was an internationally recognized researcher in cognitive neuroscience and experimental psychology. His research focused on the cognitive and neurophysiological mechanisms that lie behind motor control, motor cognition, emotion and self-awareness. Marc Jeannerod specialized in medicine and subsequent neurology at the University of Lyon. His further research training was under the guidance of Michel Jouvet, one of the...